basal cell carcinoma
Benign Neoplasms
There are a wide variety of benign tumours that can appear on the eyelids. With some experience, the majority of these can be identified by biomicroscopy (slit lamp). It is important to differentiate between benign tumours and malignant formations. The main benign tumours in the eyelids are cysts and pigmented tumours. The formation of a cyst is in the vast majority of cases a sign of benignity. On the other hand, a pigmented lesion may be benign or associated with a malignant tumour.
Benign tumours do not require treatment, but should be checked regularly.
Malignant tumours
There are 3 main types of malignant eyelid tumours:
Basal cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common tumour of the eyelid and accounts for about 85% of all eyelid tumours. BCC usually affects adults. There is a relationship with sun exposure and the lower eyelid is most affected.
Metastases associated with BCC are very rare and the prognosis is usually very good. Treatment is based on complete excision of the tumor, taking care to remove all malignant tissue. Depending on the size of the tumour, different reconstruction techniques will be used to correct the defect.
Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid is rare and accounts for about 5% of all eyelid tumours. There is a relationship with sun exposure and adults are most affected. Squamous cell carcinoma behaves more aggressively than basal cell carcinoma and is more likely to spread.
Sebaceous carcinoma
Sebaceous carcinoma is a cancer of the sebaceous glands of the eyelid and accounts for up to 5% of all malignant tumours of the eyelid. This condition mainly affects the elderly and women are at greater risk than men. In general, the tumour is located on the upper eyelid. The diagnosis of carcinoma remains difficult: it is often confused with a benign condition such as blepharitis or chalazion. Consequently, it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and presents an aggressive behaviour.
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